ACTIVATED PROTEIN C RESISTANCE UNIVERSITY | References


DiaPharma APC Resistance clotting assay test kit

APC RESISTANCE UNIVERSITY

Introduction | Biochemistry | Clinical Aspects | Key Reports | PubMed Abstracts | References | Assay Methods | APC Resistance Phenotyping | Factor V Mutation ScreeningFAQ


REFERENCES

Oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis: Different sensitivities to activated protein C in women using second- and third-generation oral contraceptives. Rosing J, Br J Haematol 97, 233-238 ( 1997). Ref 97102.Interesting results obtained with a thrombin generation test performed in the presence of APC. 

PubMed Abstract

Potential misdiagnosis of factor V Leiden: A comparison of two genotyping techniques. Letter to the Editor. Cumming AM, Thromb Haemost 77, 1215-24 (1997). Ref 9789

Hereditary resistance to activated protein C: An uncommon risk factor for thromboembolic disease in lupus patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. EH Sasso, Arthritis and Rheumatism, 1997, Vol 40, Iss 9, pp 1720-1721.PubMed Abstract

Factor V and protein S as cofactors to activated protein C. Dahlbäck B. Haematologica 82, 91-95 (1997). A recent review on the protein C pathway.

Factor V genetic component differing from factor V R506Q contributes to the activated protein C resistance phenotype. F Bernardi et al. Blood 90, 1552-1557 /1997). Ref 97157. A specific FV gene haplotype, defined by six polymorphisms, is related to a lower APC response. PubMed Abstract   Full Text Article

Activated Protein C resistance – A major risk factor for thrombosis. Rosén S Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 35, 501-516 (1997). Ref 97101. A review article covering the important aspects within the area of APC resistance.

The effect of delayed analysis or freeze-thawing on the measurement of natural anticoagulants, resistance to activated protein C and markers of activation of the haemostatic system. Luddington R et al. Thromb.Res.Vol.87. No.6 pp.577-581,1997


References from the APC Resistance Monograph

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49. Roelse JC, Koopman MW, Büller HR et al. Absence of mutations at the activated protein C cleavage sites of factor VIII in 126 patients with venous thrombosis. Br J Haem 92, 740-743 (1996).

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52. Hall CM, Andersson NE, Andras M et al. Rapid and reliable detection of FV:Q506 in plasma from heparin- and OAC-treated patients using the Coatest® APC™ Resistance V assay. Blood 10, suppl 1, 172a (1996).

53. Samaha M, Trossaert M, Conard J et al. Prevalence and patient profile in activated protein C resistance. Coagul Trans Med 4, 450-454 (1995).

54. Rosendaal FR, Koster T, Vandenbrouck JP, Reitsma PH. High risk of thrombosis in patients homozygous for factor V Leiden (Activated protein C resistance). Blood 85, 1504-1508 (1995).

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62. Lopaciuk S, Bykowska K. Prevalence of poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C in patients with a history of venous thrombosis. (Abstract) Haemostasis 24 (suppl 1), 141 (1994).

63. Pati HP, Srivastava A, Dayal S. Resistance to activated protein C (APC) in Indian patients of thrombophilia. Indian J Med Res 104, 213-215 (1996).

64. Tosetto A, Gatto E, Masiero MT, Rodeghiero F. APCresistance in the general population. Relationship with other coagulation variables and with venous thrombotic history. (Abstract) Br J Haematol 87 (suppl 1), 188 (1994).

65. Borell M, Vallvé C, Urrutia T et al. APC resistance in patients with thrombophilia. (Abstract) Haemostasis 24 (suppl 1), 145 (1994).

66. Alhenc-Gelas M, Gandrille S, Aubry ML et al. Unexplained thrombosis and factor V Leiden. Lancet 344, 555-556 (1994).

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68. De Stefano V, Mastrangelo S, Paciaroni K et al. Thrombotic risk during pregnancy and puerperium in women with APC resistance- effective subcutaneous heparin prophylaxis in a pregnant patient. Letters to the editor. Thromb Haemost 74, 793-794 (1995).

69. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Lindpaintner K et al. Mutation in the gene coding for coagulation factor V and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thrombosis in apparently healthy men. New Engl J Med 332, 912-917 (1995).

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71. Zöller B, Dahlbäck B. Resistance to activated protein C caused by a factor V gene mutation. Current Opinion in Hematology 2, 358-364 (1995).

72. Prohaska W, Mannebach H, Schmidt M et al. Evidence against heterozygous coagulation factor V 1691 G to A mutation with resistance to activated protein C being a risk factor for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. J Mol Med 73, 521-524 (1995).

73. Beauchamp NJ, Daly ME, Hampton KK et al. High prevalence of a mutation in the factor V gene within the UK Population: Relationship to activated protein C Resistance and familial thrombosis. Brit J Haem 88, 219-22 (1994).

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75. Emmerich J, Poirier O, Evans A et al. Myocardial Infarction, Arg506 to Gln factor V mutation, and activated protein C resistance. Letters to the Editor. Lancet 345, 321 (1995).

76. Takamiya O, Ishida F, Kodaira H et al. APC-resistance and Mnl I genotype (Gln506) of coagulation factor V are rare in the Japanese population. Thromb Haemost 74, 990-997 (1995).

77. Rees DC, Cox M, Clegg JB. World distribution of factor V Leiden. Lancet 346, 1133-1134 (1995).

78. Holm J, Zöller B, Berntorp E et al. Prevalence of factor V gene mutation amongst myocardial infarction patients and healthy controls is higher in Sweden than in other countries. J Inter Med 239, 221-226 (1996).

79. Ozawa T, Niiya K and Sakuragawa N. Absence of factor V Leiden in the Japanese. Letter to the Editors-in-Chief. Thromb Haemost 81, 595-595 (1996).

80. Chaida C, Gialeraki A, Tsoukala C, Mandalaki T. Prevalence of the FVQ506 mutation in the hellenic population. Thromb Haemost 76, 124-128 (1996).

81. Arruda VR, von Suben PM, Soares MCP et al. Very low incidence of Arg506->Gln mutation in the factor V gene among the Amazonian Indians and the Brazilian black population. Thromb Haemost 75, 860-861 (1996).

82. Lee DH, Henderson PA, Blajchman MA. Prevalence of factor V Leiden in a Canadian blood donor population.Can Med Assoc J 155, 285-289 (1996).

83. Ko YL, Hsu TS, Wu SM et al. The G1691A mutation of the coagulation factor V gene (Factor V Leiden) is rare in Chinese: an analysis of 618 individuals. Hum Genet 98, 176-177 (1996).

84. Schröder W, Koesling M, Wulff K et al. Large-scale screening for factor V Leiden mutation in a north-eastern German population. Haemostasis 26, 233-236 (1996).

85. Braun A, Müller B and Rosche AA. Population study of the G1691A mutation (R506Q, FV Leiden) in the human factor V gene that is associated with resistance to activated protein C. Hum Genet 97, 263-264 (1996).

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89. Mannucci PM, Duca F, Peyvandi F et al. Frequency of factor V Arg506 Gln in Italians. Letters to the Editor. Thromb Haemost 75, 694 (1996).

90. Dzimiri N, Meyer B. World distribution of factor V Leiden. – Letters to the Editor. Lancet 347, 481-482 (1996).

91. Pottinger P, Sigurdsson F. Detection of the factor V Leiden mutation in a nonselected black population. Correspondence – Letters to the Editor.Blood 87, 2091 (1996).

92. Hooper WC, Dilley A, Ribeiro MJA et al. A racial difference in the prevalence of the Arg506->Gln mutation. Thromb Haemost 81, 577-581 (1996).

93. Kontula K, Ylikorkala A, Miettinen H et al. Arg506 Gln Factor V Mutation (Factor V Leiden) in Patients with Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease and Survivors of Myocardial Infarction. Rapid Communication. Thromb Haemost 73, 558-560 (1995).

94. Cox MJ, Rees DC, Martinson JJ, Klegg JB. Evidence for a single origin of factor V Leiden. Br J Haem 92, 1022-1025 (1996).

95. Leroy-Matheron C, Levent M, Pignon JM et al. The 1691G->A mutation in the factor V gene: relationship to activated protein C (APC) resistance and thrombosis in 65 patients. Thromb Haemost 75, 4-10 (1996).

96. Samama M, Simon D, Horellou MH et al. Diagnosis and clinical characteristics of inherited activated protein C resistance. Haemostasis 26 (suppl 4), 315-330 (1996).

97. Scat Y, Morin Y, Morel Ch, Haut J. Occlusion veineuse de la rétine et résistance à la protéine C activée. Memoires Originaux. J Fr Ophtalmol 18, 758-762 (1995).

98. Hunt BJ. Activated protein C and retinal vein occlusion.Br J Ophthalm 80, 194 (1996).

99. Larsson J, Olafsdottir E, Bauer B. Activated protein C resistance in young adults with central retinal vein occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol 80, 200-202 (1996).

100. Williamsson TH, Rumley A, Lowe GDO. Blood viscosity, coagulation, and activated protein C resistance in central retinal vein occlusion: A population controlled study. Br J Ophthalmol 80, 203-208 (1996).

101. Raguenes O, Mercier B, Escoffre M et al. mutation 1691 G->A du gène du facteur V: pas d´association avec les thromboses de la veine centrale de la rétine. Presse Med 25, 460 (1996). Réponse des auteurs:F Lellouche. Presse Med 25, 460 (1996).

102. Levoir D, Emmerich J, Alhenc-Gelas M et al. Portal vein thrombosis and factor V Arg 506 to Gln mutation. Letter to the Editor. Thromb Haemost 73, 546-556 (1995).

103. Foulc P, Bihan GL, Guillerm C et al. Thrombose portale chez une malade ayant une maladie de Vaquez et le facteur V Leiden. Presse Med 25, 1126 (1996).

104. Horstkamp B, Lübke M, Kentenich H et al. Internal jugular vein thrombosis caused by resistance to activated protein C as a complication of ovarian hyperstimulation after in-vitro fertilization. – case report. Hum Reprod 11, 280-282 (1996).

105. Martinelli I, Landi G, Merati G et al. Factor V gene mutation is a risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 75, 393-394 (1996).

106. Vuillier F, Moulin T, Tatu L et al. Isolated cortical vein thrombosis and activated protein C resistance.Stroke 27, 1440- 1441 (1996).

107. Denninger M-H, Beldjord K, Durand F et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome and factor V Leiden mutation. Letters to the Editor. Lancet 345, 525-526 (1995).

108. Mahmoud AEA, Wilde JT, Elias E. Budd-Chiari syndrome and factor V Leiden mutation. Letters to the Editor. Lancet 345, 526 (1995).

109. Mambrini P, Mallet D, O’Callaghan T et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome and activated protein C resistance. J Hep 24, 246 (1996).

110. Petäjä J, Jalanko H, Holmberg C et al. Resistance to activated protein C as an underlying cause of recurrent venous thrombosis during relapsing nephrotic syndrome. J Pediatr 127, 103-105 (1995).

111. Munkvad S, Jørgensen M. Resistance to activated protein C: a common anticoagulant deficiency in patients with venous leg ulceration.Br J Determ 134, 296-298 (1996).

112. Peus D, Schmiedeberg S, Pier A et al. Coagulation factor V gene mutation associated with activated protein C resistance leading to recurrent thrombosis, leg ulcers, and lymphedema: successful treatment with intermittent compression. J Am Acad Dermatol 35, 306-309 (1996).

113. Gardyn J, Sorkin P, Kluger Y et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and fatal thrombosis in a patient with activated protein C resistance. Am J Hematol 50, 292-295 (1996).

114. De Prost D, Delmas V, Lefebvre M et al. Priapism revealing Arg506 to Gln factor V mutation. J Urology 155, 1392 (1996).

115. Bucalossi A, Marotta G, Bigazzi C et al. Reduction of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S levels and activated protein C resistance in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia patients with thrombosis. Am J Hematol 52, 14-20 (1996).

116. Zenz W, Muntean W, Gallistl S et al. Inherited resistance to activated protein C in a boy with multiple thromboses in early infancy. Original Paper, Eur J Pediatr 154, 285-288 (1995).

117. Kodish E, Potter C, Kirschbaum N, Foster PA. Activated protein C resistance in a neonate with venous thrombosis. J Pediatr 127, 645-648 (1995).

118. Sifontes MT, Nuss R, Jacobson LJ et al. Thrombosis in otherwise well children with the factor V Leiden mutation. J Pediatr 128, 324-328 (1996).

119. Gurgey A, Mesci L, Renda Y et al. Factor V Q506 mutation in children with thrombosis. Am J Hematol 53, 37-39 (1996).

120. Perkins W, Downie I, Keefe M, Chisholm M. Cutaneous necrosis in pregnancy secondary to activated protein C resistance in hereditary angioedema. J R Soc Med 88, 229-230 (1995).

121. Makris M, Bardhan G, Preston FE. Warfarin induced skin necrosis associated with activated protein C resistance. Letters to the Editor. Thromb Haemost 75, 524 (1996).

122. Simioni P, de Ronde H, Prandoni P et al. Ischemic stroke in young patients with activated protein C resistance. Stroke 26, 885-890 (1995).

123. Ganesan V, Kelsey H, Cookson J et al. Activated protein C resistance in childhood stroke. Lancet 347, 260 (1996).

124. Nowak-Göttl U, Koch HG, Aschka I et al. Resistance to activated protein C (APCR) in children with venous or arterial thromboembolism. Br J Haem 92, 992-998 (1996).

125. Albucher JF, Guiraud-Chaumeil B, Chollet F et al. Frequency of resistance to activated protein C due to factor V mutation in young patients with ischemic stroke. Stroke 27, 766 (1996).

126. Montaruli B, Voorberg J, Tamponi G et al. Arterial and venous thrombosis in two Italian families with the factor V Arg506›Gln mutation. Eur J Haematol 57, 96-100 (1996).

127. Samani NJ, Lodwick D, Martin D, Kimber P. Resistance to activated protein C and risk of premature myocardial infarction. Letters to the Editor. Lancet 344, 1709-1710 (1994).

128. Demarmels Biasiutti F, Merlo C, Furlan M et al. No association of APC resistance with myocardial infarction. Blood Coag Fibrinol 6, 456-459 (1995).

129. Van Bockxmeer FM, Baker RI, Taylor RR. Premature ischaemic heart disease and the gene for coagulation factor V. Nature Med 1,185 (1995).

130. Eritsland J, Gjönnes G, Sandset PM et al. Activated protein C resistance and graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass surgery. Thromb res 79, 223-226 (1995).

131. Ardissino D, Peyvandi F, Merlini PA et al. Factor V (Arg506->Gln) mutation in young survivors of myocardial infarction.Thromb Haemost 75, 701-702 (1996).

132. März W, Seydewitz H, Winkelmann B et al. Mutation in coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C in patients with coronary artery disease. Letters to the Editor. Lancet 345, 526-527 (1995).

133. Catto A, Carter A, Ireland H et al. Factor V Leiden gene mutation and thrombin generation in relation to the development of acute stroke. Arterioscler Thromb and Vasc Biol 15, 783-785 (1995).

134. Forsyth PD, Dolan G. Activated protein C resistance in cases of cerebral infarction. Letters to the Editor. Lancet 345, 795 (1995).

135. Press RD, Liu X-Y, Beamer N, Coull BM. Ischemic stroke in the elderly. Role of the common factor V mutation causing resistance to activated protein C. Stroke 27, 44-48 (1996).

136. Lindblad B, Svensson PJ, Dahlbäck B. Arterial and venous thromboembolism with fatal outcome and resistance to activated protein C. Lancet 343, 917 (1994).

137. Holm J, Zöller B, Svensson PJ et al. Myocardial infarction associated with homozygous resistance to activated protein C. Lancet 344, 952-953 (1994).

138. Ouriel K, Green RM, De Weese JA, Cimino C. Activated protein C resistance: prevalence and implications in peripheral vascular disease.J Vasc Res 23, 46-52 (1996).

139. Sakata T, Kario K, Katayama Y et al. Clinical significance of activated protein C resistance as a potential marker for hypercoagulable state. Thromb Res 82, 235-244 (1996).

140. Fisher M, Fernández JA, Ameriso SF et al. Activated protein C resistance in ischemic stroke not due to factor V Arginine506›Glutamine mutation.Stroke 27, 1163-1166 (1996).

141.Van der Bom JG, Bots ML, Haverkate F et al. Reduced response to activated protein C is associated with increased risk for cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med 125, 265-269 (1996).

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144. Zöller B, He X, Dahlbäck B. Homozygous APC-resistance combined with inherited type 1 protein S deficiency in a young boy with severe thrombotic disease.Thromb Haemost 73, 743-745 (1995).

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146. Gandrille S, Greengard JS, Alhenc-Gelas M et al. Incidence of activated protein C resistance caused by the Arg 506 Gln  mutation in factor V in 113 unrelated symptomatic protein Cdeficient patients. Blood 86, 219-224 (1995).

147. Koeleman BPC, Reitsma PH, Allart CF, Bertina RM. Activated protein C resistance as an additional risk factor for thrombosis in protein C-deficient families. Blood 84, 1031-1035 (1994).

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149. Koeleman BPC, Van Rumpt D, Hamulyák K et al. Factor V Leiden: an additional risk factor for thrombosis in protein S deficient families. Thromb Haemost 74, 580-583 (1995).

150. Van Boven HH, Reitsma PH, Rosendaal FR et al. Factor V Leiden (FV R506Q) in families with inherited antithrombin deficiency.Thromb Haemost 75, 417-421 (1996).

151. Martinelli I, Magatelli R, Cattaneo M, Mannucci PM. Prevalence of mutant factor V in Italian patients with hereditary deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C or protein S. Letters to the Editor.Thromb Haemost 75, 694-695 (1996).

152. Hallam PJ, Millar DS, Krawczak M et al. Population differences in the frequency of the factor V Leiden variant among people with clinically symptomatic protein C deficiency. J Med Genet 32, 543-545 (1995).

153. Simioni P, Prandoni P, Girolami A. Patients with AT III, protein C or protein S defects show no associated hereditary APC resistance. Letters to the Editor. Thromb Haemost 72, 481-482 (1994).

154. Mandel H, Brenner B, Berant M et al. Coexistance of hereditary homocystinuria and factor V Leiden – effect on thrombosis. N Engl J Med 334, 763-768 (1996).

155. Peng F, Triplett D, Barna L, Morrical D. Pulmonary embolism and premature labor in a patient with both factor V Leiden mutation and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T mutation. Thromb Res 83, 243-251 (1996).

156. Brenner B, Vulfsons SL, Lanir N, Nahir M. Coexistence of familial antiphospholipid syndrome and factor V Leiden: impact on thrombotic diathesis. Br J Haematol, 166-167 (1996).

157. Bernardi F, Legnani C, Micheletti F et al. A heparin cofactor II mutation (HCII Rimini) combined with Factor V Leiden or Type I Protein C deficiency in two unrelated Thrombophilic subjects. Thromb Haemost 76, 505-509 (1996).

158. Züger M, Biasiutti FD, Furlan M et al. Plasminogen deficiency: an additional risk factor for thrombosis in a family with factor V R506Q mutation? Letters to the Editor. Thromb Haemost 76, 475-480 (1996).

159. Nichols WC, Amano K, Cacheris PM et al. Moderation of hemophilia A phenotype by the factor V R506Q mutation. Blood 99, 1183-1187 (1996).

160. Arruda VR, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM, Antunes SV, Costa FF. Association of severe haemophilia A and factor V Leiden: report of three cases. Haemophilia 2, 51-53 (1996).

161.Simioni P, Scudeller A, Radossi P et al. “Pseudo homozygous” activated protein C resistance due to double heterozygous factor V defects (factor V Leiden mutation and type 1 quantitative factor V defect) associated with thrombosis: report of two cases belonging to two unrelated kindreds.Thromb Haemost 75, 422-426 (1996).

162. Zehnder JL, Jain M. Recurrent thrombosis due to compound heterozygosity for factor V Leiden and factor V deficiency. Blood Coag Fibr 7, 361-362 (1996).

163. Nowak-Göttl U, Sträter R, Dübbers A et al. Ischaemic stroke in infancy and childhood: role of the Arg506 to Gln mutation in the factor V gene. Blood Coag Fibr 7, 684-688 (1996).

164. Jeffery S, Leatham E, Zhang Y et al. Factor V Leiden polymorphism (FV Q506) in patients with ischaemic heart disease, and in different populations groups. J Hum Hyperten 19, 433-434 (1996).

165. Pipe SW, Schmaier AH, Nichols WC et al. Neonatal purpura fulminans in association with factor V R506Q mutation. J Pediatr 128, 706-709 (1996).

166. Nowak-Göttl U, Aschka I, Koch HG et al. Resistance to activated protein C (APCR) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia – the need for a prospective multicentre study. Blood Coag Fibr 6, 761-764 (1995).

167. Beauchamp NJ, Daly ME, Cooper PC et al. Molecular basis of protein S deficiency in three families also showing independent inheritance of factor V Leiden. Blood 88, 1700-1707 (1996).

168. McColl M, Tait RC, Walker ID et al. Low thrombosis rate seen in blood donors and their relatives with inherited deficiencies of antithrombin and protein C: correlation with type of defect, family history, and absence of the factor V Leiden mutation. Blood Coag Fibr 7, 689-694 (1996).

169. Landi G, Cell E, Martinelli I et al. Arg506Gln factor V mutation and cerebral ischemia in the young. Letter to the editor. Stroke 27, 1697-1698 (1966).

170. De Lucia D, de Blasio G, Belli A et al. High prevalence of activated protein C resistance in patients with systemic sclerosis. Int J Clin Lab Res 25, 226-227 (1995).

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172. Hellgren M, Svensson PJ, Dahlbäck B. Resistance to activated protein C as a basis for venous thromboembolism associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173, 210-213 (1995).

173. Bokarewa MI, Bremme K, Blombäck M. Arg506-Gln mutation in factor V and risk of thrombosis during pregnancy. Br J Haem 92, 473-478 (1996).

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175. Hirsch DR, Mikkola KM, Marks PW et al. Pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis during pregnancy or oral contraceptive use: prevalence of factor V Leiden. Am Heart J 131, 1145-1148 (1996).

176. Grisaru D, Fait G, Eldor A. Activated protein C resistance and pregnancy complications. Letters to the Editor.Am J Obstet Gynecol 174, 801-802 (1996).

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178. Rai RS, Regan L, Donald JG, Cohen H. Placental thrombosis and second trimester miscarriage in association with activated protein C resistance. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 103, 842-844 (1996).

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181. Mathonnet F, de Mazancourt P, Bastenaire B et al. Activated protein C sensitivity ratio in pregnant women at delivery. Br J Haem 92, 244-246 (1996).

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184. Henkens CMA, Bom VJJ, Van der Meer J. Lowered APC Ssensitivity ratio related to increased factor VIII-clotting activity. – Letters to the Editor. Thromb Haemost 74, 1198-1199 (1995).

185. Vandenbroucke JP, Koster T, Briët E et al. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral – contraceptive users who are carriers mof factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet 344, 1453-1457 (1994).

186. Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM et al. Enhancement by factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen. Lancet 346, 1593-1596 (1995).

187. Henkens CMA, Bom VJJ, van der Schaaf W et al. Plasma levels of protein S, protein C, and factor X: effects of sex, hormonal state and age. Thromb Haemost 74, 1255-1258 (1995).

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244. Gilmore G, Thom J, Baker RI. Diagnosis of APC resistance in patients on standard or low molecular weight heparin. – Letters to the Editor. Thromb Haemost 75, 372-373 (1996).

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